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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
09:06

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Published on: August 27, 2014

Photopolymerized diffusion-defined polyacrylamide gradient gels for on-chip protein sizing.

Catherine T Lo1, Daniel J Throckmorton, Anup K Singh

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Lab on a Chip
|July 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We developed a simple photopatterning method to create gradient polyacrylamide gels for rapid protein sizing. This technique enables efficient electrophoretic separation in microfluidic devices, crucial for clinical applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Gradient gels offer improved separation resolution compared to uniform gels.
  • Microfluidic devices enable high-throughput and miniaturized assays.
  • Efficient protein sizing is critical for diagnostics and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile diffusion-based photopatterning technique for creating gradient polyacrylamide gels.
  • To establish an analytical model for predicting gradient gel properties.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these gels in microfluidic protein sizing assays.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a diffusion-based approach with low-viscosity polymer precursors.
  • Employed a two-step photopatterning process within a microfluidic format.
  • Developed and numerically evaluated an analytical model for diffusion-based gradient formation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated linear and non-linear decreasing pore-size gradient gels.
  • The analytical model accurately predicted gradient gel characteristics.
  • Achieved baseline resolution of six proteins (20-116 kDa) in 4 seconds using a 0.3 cm separation length.

Conclusions:

  • The developed photopatterning method is efficient and requires no controlled mixing.
  • The analytical model aids in predictable gradient gel fabrication.
  • Microfluidic gradient gels enable rapid, low-voltage protein sizing suitable for clinical translation.