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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
14:19

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Published on: June 29, 2013

Fetal growth restriction.

Jena Miller1, Sifa Turan, Ahmet A Baschat

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is diagnosed via ultrasound when fetuses fail to reach their growth potential. Effective management involves assessing fetal anatomy, fluid dynamics, and Doppler assessments to guide intervention and delivery timing.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Normal fetal growth depends on genetic potential, influenced by maternal, fetal, placental, and external factors.
  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR) signifies a failure to achieve this potential, often detected through abnormal sonographic fetal weight, size, or symmetry.
  • Placental dysfunction in FGR leads to multisystemic fetal impact, affecting both short- and long-term outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach for FGR, differentiating placenta-based cases from other conditions like aneuploidy or viral infections.
  • To highlight the importance of cardiovascular and behavioral responses in guiding surveillance and intervention for FGR.
  • To discuss management strategies for early-onset and near-term FGR, emphasizing optimal delivery timing and monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of fetal anatomy assessment, amniotic fluid dynamics, and Doppler assessments (uterine, umbilical, fetal middle cerebral artery).
  • Utilizing multivessel Doppler and biophysical profile score for monitoring placental dysfunction progression and fetal acidemia.
  • Clinical assessment of fetal weight, size, and symmetry via ultrasound.

Main Results:

  • Combined assessments effectively differentiate manageable placenta-based FGR from aneuploidy, nonaneuploid syndromes, and viral infections.
  • Cardiovascular and behavioral responses are key indicators for guiding FGR surveillance and intervention.
  • Early-onset FGR (before 34 weeks) is recognized but challenging to manage regarding delivery timing; near-term FGR is often subtler and potentially missed.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis and management of FGR require a comprehensive approach integrating imaging, Doppler, and biophysical assessments.
  • Monitoring intervals should be based on anticipated disease acceleration, with intervention prioritized when fetal risks outweigh neonatal risks.
  • Accurate differentiation and timely management are crucial for improving outcomes in fetuses with FGR.