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Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Suicide and suicidal behavior.

Matthew K Nock1, Guilherme Borges, Evelyn J Bromet

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Room 1280, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. nock@wjh.harvard.edu

Epidemiologic Reviews
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Suicidal behavior, a global health issue, shows varied prevalence but consistent risk factors across nations. Despite increased treatment, incidence rates remain unchanged, highlighting the need for new research approaches.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Suicidal behavior represents a significant global public health concern, necessitating comprehensive epidemiological data for effective policy and prevention strategies.
  • Understanding the patterns, trends, and risk factors associated with suicidal behavior is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Existing research has primarily focused on prevalence and correlates, with a need for more in-depth analysis of contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence, trends, and risk/protective factors of suicidal behavior in the United States and internationally.
  • To synthesize findings from government data and a systematic review of epidemiological studies published between 1997 and 2007.
  • To identify consistencies and variations in suicidal behavior patterns across different populations and geographical regions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological studies on suicide and suicidal behavior from 1997-2007.
  • Analysis of government data on suicide and suicidal behavior.
  • Cross-national comparison of prevalence, age of onset, transition probabilities, and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior was observed.
  • Key risk factors and patterns, such as earlier age of onset and higher prevalence among men for suicide (vs. women for nonfatal behaviors), showed cross-national consistency.
  • Despite increased treatment for suicidal individuals, incidence rates of suicidal behavior have remained largely static over the past decade.

Conclusions:

  • Epidemiological research on suicidal behavior requires a shift towards examining synergistic effects of modifiable risk and protective factors.
  • Future studies should integrate advanced survey methodologies and clinical assessment techniques.
  • Findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based strategies to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with suicidal behavior.