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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
PCR01:32

PCR

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Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
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Published on: November 25, 2015

An autonomous polymerization motor powered by DNA hybridization.

Suvir Venkataraman, Robert M Dirks, Paul W K Rothemund

    Nature Nanotechnology
    |July 26, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a synthetic DNA-based molecular motor for autonomous nanoscale transport. This motor mimics bacterial propulsion by growing a DNA tail, powered by DNA hybridization energy.

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    Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
    08:09

    Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

    Published on: October 15, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Biomimetic nanotechnology
    • Molecular machines
    • Nanoscale robotics

    Background:

    • Bacterial motility mechanisms, such as actin-based propulsion by Rickettsia rickettsii, inspire synthetic systems.
    • Autonomous nanoscale transport is crucial for applications in drug delivery and diagnostics.

    Discussion:

    • The synthetic motor utilizes DNA polymerization to create a 'tail', enabling directed movement in solution.
    • Processive propulsion of DNA strands occurs at the dynamic growing end of the polymer tail.
    • The system harnesses the free energy released from DNA hybridization for locomotion.

    Key Insights:

    • Demonstration of a synthetic molecular motor capable of autonomous locomotion.
    • Novel biomimetic approach inspired by biological motility mechanisms.
    • Utilizes DNA hybridization as a power source for nanoscale movement.

    Outlook:

    • Potential for developing advanced nanoscale devices for targeted delivery and sensing.
    • Further optimization of motor design for enhanced speed and control.
    • Exploration of DNA self-assembly principles for complex molecular machine construction.