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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups


Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups


Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains...
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
Overview of Functional Groups01:19

Overview of Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, certain functional groups will make a molecule hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each functional group is a unique...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
09:12

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

Single functional group interactions with individual carbon nanotubes.

Raymond W Friddle, Melburne C Lemieux, Giancarlo Cicero

    Nature Nanotechnology
    |July 26, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Understanding carbon nanotube interactions is key for nanotechnology. New research reveals these interactions depend on complex electronic effects, not just polarity, offering molecular-level control for advanced applications.

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    Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

    Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
    09:12

    Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

    Published on: June 1, 2016

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    09:47

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    Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
    09:28

    Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

    Published on: January 10, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology
    • Surface Chemistry

    Background:

    • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique properties for applications in nanoelectronics, biosensors, and membranes.
    • Current applications rely on non-covalent interactions between CNTs and chemical functionalities.
    • A fundamental understanding and molecular-level control of these interactions are lacking.

    Discussion:

    • Chemical force microscopy measured single chemical functional group interactions with single-walled carbon nanotube sidewalls.
    • Interaction strength deviates from expected polarity/hydrophobicity trends, indicating complex electronic interactions.
    • Ab initio calculations support experimental findings and predict binding force distributions.

    Key Insights:

    • The binding strength of functional groups to CNTs is governed by intricate electronic interactions, not simple polarity or hydrophobicity.
    • Molecular linkage dynamics play a crucial role in determining interaction strength at the single functional group level.
    • This study provides a molecular-level understanding of CNT-functional group interactions.

    Outlook:

    • Enables precise design of nanomaterials for targeted applications.
    • Facilitates development of advanced biosensors and nanoelectronic devices.
    • Opens avenues for improved control over interfacial phenomena in nanotechnology.