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Related Concept Videos

Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
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In Vitro Model of Fetal Human Vessel On-chip to Study Developmental Mechanobiology
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Hormone interactions during vascular development.

Jan Dettmer1, Annakaisa Elo, Ykä Helariutta

  • 1Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Plant Molecular Biology
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant vascular development involves complex signaling networks. Key plant growth regulators like auxin interact dynamically, modulated by other signals and shoot-root integration, to control tissue patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Plant vascular tissue exhibits unique and dynamic cellular patterns.
  • Understanding signals controlling vascular development is crucial for plant science.
  • Recent advances utilize biochemical, genetic, and genomic approaches in model organisms like Arabidopsis, Populus, and Zinnia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex signaling networks governing plant vascular development.
  • To highlight the intricate interactions between various plant growth regulators.
  • To emphasize the role of signal integration, including shoot-root interactions, in vascular patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical, genetic, and genomic studies.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins).
  • Investigation of regulatory molecules, transporters, receptors, and transcriptional regulators.

Main Results:

  • Plant growth regulators rarely act in isolation; their pathways are interconnected.
  • Polar auxin transport (PAT) significantly regulates vascular development.
  • Interactions between growth regulators are often synergistic or antagonistic, influenced by developmental context.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular development is orchestrated by complex, interconnected signaling networks.
  • Modulation by multiple growth regulators and shoot-root interactions are key to signal integration.
  • Further research into these networks will advance our understanding of plant development.