Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Slmap Is Required For Spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology·2026
Same author

A Drosophila model of systemic LPS delivery via dorsolateral thoracic injection reveals conserved mechanisms of infection-associated tissue damage.

Developmental and comparative immunology·2026
Same author

The developmental shift in aperiodic activity and its link to the default mode network in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to 'AI-Driven Segmentation of Three Oral Diseases: Enabling Precision Diagnosis and Decision Support' [International Dental Journal, Volume 76, Issue 3, June 2026, 109486].

International dental journal·2026
Same author

Wolbachia-induced proteostasis remodeling in ovaries supports cytoplasmic incompatibility rescue in Drosophila.

Journal of insect physiology·2026
Same author

Group dialectical behavior therapy skills training versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models
08:51

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

Published on: July 21, 2011

Neural mechanisms underlying the milk ejection burst and reflex.

Glenn I Hatton1, Yu-Feng Wang

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.

Progress in Brain Research
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The milk ejection reflex involves oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursts. In vitro models reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OXT neuronal bursting and milk ejection, offering detailed analyses not possible in vivo.

More Related Videos

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland
11:13

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland

Published on: December 1, 2015

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Published on: February 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models
08:51

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

Published on: July 21, 2011

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland
11:13

Indirect Immunofluorescence on Frozen Sections of Mouse Mammary Gland

Published on: December 1, 2015

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Published on: February 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The milk ejection reflex is a complex neurohypophysial hormone-mediated process.
  • In vivo studies have identified key events like maternal behavior priming and oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursting patterns.
  • Limitations in in vivo electrophysiology hinder detailed membrane and synaptic analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cellular and molecular mechanisms of oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursting.
  • To highlight insights gained from in vitro models of the milk ejection reflex.
  • To elucidate factors influencing the generation and structure of OXT neuronal bursts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent in vitro studies on oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursting.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal activity.
  • Comparison of in vitro findings with existing in vivo data.

Main Results:

  • In vitro models enable detailed mechanistic analyses of OXT neuronal bursting.
  • Specific cellular and molecular factors influencing burst generation and structure have been identified.
  • The in vitro approach overcomes limitations of in vivo electrophysiological recordings.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro models are crucial for understanding the detailed mechanisms of the milk ejection reflex.
  • Cellular and molecular insights into oxytocin (OXT) neuronal bursting are advancing.
  • Further research using in vitro preparations will continue to elucidate neurohypophysial hormone function.