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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
07:32

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

pH-controlled drug loading and release from biodegradable microcapsules.

Qinghe Zhao1, Bingyun Li

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196, USA.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel biopolymer microcapsules for controlled drug delivery. Chondroitin sulfate integration allows pH-controlled release of charged drugs, enhancing efficacy and reducing side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Biopolymer microcapsules offer promising applications in controlled drug delivery.
  • Electrostatic interactions are key for fabricating multilayered microcapsule shells.
  • Controlling drug loading and release is crucial for therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel chondroitin sulfate (CS)-integrated microcapsules for controlled drug delivery.
  • To utilize electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly for microcapsule fabrication.
  • To investigate the pH-dependent control of drug loading and release.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized micron-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles.
  • Integrated CS with CaCO3 particles via chemical reaction.
  • Employed electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly with oppositely charged biopolymers.
  • Cross-linked the multilayered shell using glutaraldehyde.
  • Decomposed CaCO3 templates to obtain CS-integrated microcapsules.
  • Loaded microcapsules with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA).

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated CS-integrated multilayered microcapsules.
  • Demonstrated that pH effectively controls the loading and release of FITC-BSA.
  • The CS matrix enabled selective control over drug encapsulation and release kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • CS-integrated microcapsules are effective for controlled localized drug delivery.
  • These biodegradable devices offer potential for reduced systemic side effects and increased drug efficacy.
  • The pH-responsive nature of the microcapsules allows for tunable drug release profiles.