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Related Concept Videos

Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
Types of Impact01:30

Types of Impact

Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
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Outliers and Influential Points01:08

Outliers and Influential Points

An outlier is an observation of data that does not fit the rest of the data. It is sometimes called an extreme value. When you graph an outlier, it will appear not to fit the pattern of the graph. Some outliers are due to mistakes (for example, writing down 50 instead of 500), while others may indicate that something unusual is happening. Outliers are present far from the least squares line in the vertical direction. They have large "errors," where the "error" or residual is the vertical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
09:52

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: July 12, 2013

The top-ten in journal impact factor manipulation.

Matthew E Falagas1, Vangelis G Alexiou

  • 1Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece. m.falagas@aibs.gr

Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals common manipulation tactics used to inflate journal impact factors (IF). It argues that these questionable practices in scientific publishing should cease in favor of genuine quality and accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scientific Publishing Ethics

Background:

  • The scientific community engages in the
  • impact factor game
  • where journals and researchers seek advantages from high journal impact factors (IF).
  • Journal editors aim to increase IF for greater influence, while scientists aim to publish in high-IF journals for perceived added value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expose common manipulative techniques used to artificially inflate journal impact factors (IF).
  • To highlight design flaws within the IF calculation that allow for manipulation.
  • To advocate for the abandonment of questionable IF engineering practices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of common strategies employed in scientific publishing to manipulate the impact factor equation.

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Published on: September 30, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
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Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions
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  • Identification of specific "tricks" used to increase the numerator or decrease the denominator of the IF.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified numerous "tricks" used by some in the scientific publishing industry to engineer and manipulate journal impact factors (IF).
    • These manipulations exploit design flaws in the IF calculation, leading to artificial inflation.
    • Practices include strategies to increase the IF's numerator or decrease its denominator.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain practices in scientific publishing to inflate impact factors (IF) are questionable and should be abandoned.
    • Editors and publishers should prioritize quality through fair peer review and editorial enhancement.
    • Focus should shift from IF manipulation to enhancing the scientific accuracy and quality of published research.