Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Cattell's 16 Personality Factors01:24

Cattell's 16 Personality Factors

Raymond Cattell's trait theory offers a structured framework for understanding personality by distinguishing between two critical traits: surface and source traits. Surface traits are observable patterns of behavior, such as indecisiveness, anxiety, and irrational fears. These traits are less stable, varying across situations and over time. This means that they are less helpful in understanding the deeper aspects of an individual's personality.
In contrast, source traits are the fundamental,...
Trait Centrality01:21

Trait Centrality

Trait centrality refers to the degree to which a particular characteristic influences the overall impression of an individual. Some traits exert a disproportionately strong impact on perception, shaping how people interpret other attributes of a person. Solomon Asch first systematically studied this phenomenon in 1946.Asch’s Experiment on Trait CentralityAsch's seminal study demonstrated the centrality of certain traits through a controlled experiment. Participants were presented with a list of...
Trait Theory by Gordon Allport01:20

Trait Theory by Gordon Allport

Gordon Allport, often regarded as the father of American personality psychology, developed a theory that emphasized the importance of understanding people in their present lives rather than focusing on their past, as psychoanalysis did. Allport believed that personality should be studied in healthy, well-adjusted individuals rather than those with psychological problems. He was particularly interested in defining traits, which he saw as fundamental mental structures that guide behavior across...
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is statistically mediated by gestational inflammation.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

X implies Y - Testing Hypotheses of Direction of Effect Using Configural Frequency Analysis.

Integrative psychological & behavioral science·2026
Same author

Control of Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in Configural Frequency Analysis.

Journal for person-oriented research·2026
Same author

The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Gestational kynurenine metabolites mediate effects of pregnancy adiposity on child negative affect.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2025
Same author

Consortium profile: the methylation, imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) consortium.

Molecular psychiatry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains?

Michelle M Martel1, Joel T Nigg, Alexander von Eye

  • 1Psychology Department, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA. mmartel@uno.edu

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|August 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how personality traits relate to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children and adolescents. Findings suggest a dual-process model where distinct temperament factors influence ADHD presentation differently across age groups.

More Related Videos

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) theories propose "top-down" control and "bottom-up" affective processes.
  • These dual processes may explain the link between personality traits and ADHD.
  • Developmental differences in this relationship are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between personality traits and ADHD symptoms in two distinct age groups.
  • To examine how "top-down" and "bottom-up" regulatory mechanisms relate to ADHD symptoms.
  • To explore developmental changes in the interplay between temperament and ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural equation modeling with parent-rated traits, teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, and executive functions.
  • Examined two samples: younger children (7-12 years) and older adolescents (13-18 years).
  • Defined "top-down" factors (cognitive control, conscientiousness) and "bottom-up" factors (negative emotionality, agreeableness, reactive control).

Main Results:

  • In younger children, "top-down" factors related to inattention, and "bottom-up" factors related to hyperactivity.
  • In adolescents, "top-down" factors related to both inattention and hyperactivity.
  • The "bottom-up" factor was specifically linked to hyperactivity in adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Personality traits map meaningfully onto ADHD symptoms, supporting a dual-process model.
  • Developmental shifts occur in how temperament factors relate to specific ADHD symptom presentations.
  • This research clarifies the complex interplay between personality and ADHD across development.