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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Muscles of the Eye

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Extraocular Muscles
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

[Orbital pseudotumor due to Ormond's disease].

Joanna Murawska1, Paweł Lipowski, Krystyna Raczyńska

  • 1Z Kliniki Chorób Oczu Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku.

Klinika Oczna
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), also known as Ormond's disease, can present with unusual symptoms. This case highlights a rare association between orbital pseudotumor and RPF, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary awareness.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Urology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition involving fibro-inflammatory tissue around major abdominal vessels.
  • While often idiopathic (Ormond's disease), RPF can be secondary to drugs, malignancy, infection, or surgery.
  • Fibrotic processes can extend beyond the retroperitoneum in up to 15% of cases.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old woman presented with an orbital pseudotumor of the right lacrimal gland.
  • Computed tomography confirmed abdominal and orbital abnormalities.
  • A biopsy of the orbital tumor revealed fibrous tissue with chronic inflammation.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Ormond's disease, a form of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.
  • The case demonstrated a co-occurrence of orbital pseudotumorous fibrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

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  • This represents a rare but significant clinical association.
  • Implications:

    • Ophthalmologists and urologists must be aware of this potential association.
    • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment are crucial for managing this combined condition.
    • Recognizing this link can prevent delayed or missed diagnoses, improving patient outcomes.