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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
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Psychosis and place.

Dana March1, Stephani L Hatch, Craig Morgan

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. dm2025@columbia.edu

Epidemiologic Reviews
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social context may play a role in psychosis development. This review of urbanicity and neighborhood studies suggests place-based exposures influence psychosis risk, especially from early life.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Spatial variation in psychosis distribution is key to understanding social context's role in etiology.
  • Urbanicity and neighborhood studies examine geographic variations in psychotic illness incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence on spatial variation in psychosis incidence since 1950.
  • To elucidate contributions, limitations, and theoretical issues in urbanicity and neighborhood studies.
  • To assess the potential etiologic role of social context in psychosis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 44 studies (20 urbanicity, 24 neighborhood) from Medline, PsychInfo, and Sociological Abstracts (1950-2007).
  • Emphasis on social factors, study design, measurement, and theory.
  • Analysis of spatial patterning and heterogeneity in psychosis rates.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a role for social context in psychosis etiology.
  • Urbanicity studies suggest early-life exposure and dose-response relationships may be important.
  • Neighborhood studies indicate rate heterogeneity and proximal social exposures influencing psychosis.

Conclusions:

  • Social context, particularly place-based exposures, may contribute to psychosis etiology.
  • Further research should explore social pathways, advance methodology, and adopt a life-course perspective.
  • Shift focus from spatial variation of outcomes to etiologic effects of place-shaped exposures.