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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
09:11

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

Chronic hepatitis C in pregnancy.

Eliza M F Berkley1, Kimberly K Leslie, Sanjeev Arora

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in pregnant women in drug treatment programs is linked to cholestasis and neonatal withdrawal. Gastroenterology follow-up for these mothers and newborns was insufficient.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Public health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses risks to pregnant individuals and newborns.
  • Understanding outcomes in pregnant women within drug treatment programs is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • HCV screening and management protocols for pregnant women in substance use disorder treatment require evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant patients with HCV within a drug dependence treatment program.
  • To determine the adequacy of follow-up care for pregnant women with HCV.
  • To identify complications associated with HCV positivity in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study comparing pregnant women who were HCV antibody-positive versus HCV antibody-negative.
  • Data sourced from the University of New Mexico Perinatal Database (2000-2006).
  • Maternal and neonatal outcomes analyzed, including cholestasis, preterm birth, low birth weight, NICU admissions, and neonatal methadone withdrawal. Statistical comparisons used Student t, Fisher exact, and chi(2) tests.

Main Results:

  • HCV reactivity was identified in 53% of pregnancies, with higher prevalence among Hispanic women.
  • HCV-positive pregnancies showed a significantly increased incidence of cholestasis of pregnancy (6.3% vs. 0%, P=.002).
  • Neonatal withdrawal symptoms were significantly higher in infants of HCV-positive mothers on methadone (P=.001), irrespective of dose.

Conclusions:

  • HCV infection in pregnant women in drug treatment programs is associated with Hispanic ethnicity, cholestasis, and increased neonatal methadone withdrawal.
  • Inadequate gastroenterology referrals and follow-up were noted for HCV-positive mothers and their neonates.
  • Targeted screening and improved specialist referral pathways are necessary for this high-risk group.