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Avian encephalomyelitis: a review
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|December 1, 1994
Summary
Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) causes disease in chickens and is highly stable, remaining infectious for extended periods. Effective vaccination programs have significantly decreased AEV incidence.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Avian Pathology
- Immunology
Background:
- Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) is a stable picornavirus affecting chickens, primarily targeting the central nervous system.
- AEV spreads via oral-faecal, vertical, and horizontal routes, with contaminated environments posing a long-term infection risk.
- Natural AEV infection presents as a multi-organ disease in chickens, with pathogenesis resembling Coxsackie B3 virus in neonatal mice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics of Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) and its impact on poultry health.
- To discuss the evolution of diagnostic methods for AEV detection and vaccine efficacy assessment.
- To highlight the success of vaccination strategies in controlling AEV outbreaks.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on AEV virology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology.
- Analysis of diagnostic assay development, from chick embryo-based methods to modern enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
- Evaluation of vaccination strategies utilizing live, enterotropic AEV strains.
Main Results:
- AEV exhibits high stability and infectivity, with a single serotype and antigenically identical strains.
- Early diagnostic methods were replaced by more reliable ELISAs for antibody detection and vaccine assessment.
- Live, enterotropic AEV vaccines have proven highly effective in reducing disease incidence.
Conclusions:
- AEV remains a significant pathogen in poultry, necessitating ongoing surveillance and control measures.
- Advancements in diagnostic tools and effective vaccination programs are crucial for managing AEV.
- The development and implementation of robust vaccination programs have substantially mitigated the impact of AEV on the chicken industry.
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