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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Evolutionarily conserved function of a viral microRNA.

G J Seo1, L H L Fink, B O'Hara

  • 1Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX 78712-0162, USA.

Journal of Virology
|August 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral microRNAs (miRNAs) from JC and BK viruses autoregulate early gene expression, similar to simian virus 40 miRNAs. These conserved viral miRNAs are expressed during disease, indicating therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Some viruses encode miRNAs, but their functions are often unknown and uncharacterized.
  • The conservation and functional significance of viral miRNAs across different species remain largely unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function and conservation of microRNAs encoded by human polyomaviruses JC virus and BK virus.
  • To determine if these viral miRNAs share functional similarities with those encoded by simian virus 40 (SV40).
  • To explore the potential of these viral miRNAs as therapeutic targets in polyomavirus-associated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of viral genomes to identify miRNA sequences.
  • Experimental validation of miRNA expression and function using cell culture models.
  • Analysis of miRNA targeting and gene regulation mechanisms.
  • Detection of viral miRNA expression in patient samples.

Main Results:

  • JC virus and BK virus encode functional miRNAs that autoregulate early gene expression.
  • These human polyomavirus miRNAs exhibit conserved function with SV40 miRNAs, targeting early mRNAs for cleavage.
  • Both arms of the pre-miRNA hairpin generate active miRNAs.
  • These viral miRNAs are expressed in individuals with polyomavirus-associated diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Primate polyomavirus-encoded miRNAs demonstrate evolutionary conservation in their primary target and function.
  • Viral miRNAs play a role in regulating viral gene expression during infection.
  • The expression of these miRNAs in disease suggests they are viable targets for therapeutic intervention.