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On the shape of migrating cells--a 'front-to-back' model.

Mark S Bretscher¹

¹MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QH, UK. msb@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk

Journal of Cell Science

|August 8, 2008

Summary

Cell shape is influenced by internal structures and the recycling of cell-surface adhesion molecules, like integrins. The rate of this recycling impacts cell morphology, affecting migration and detachment.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Cell shape in stationary cells involves microfilaments and microtubules.
Migrating cells also rely on these structures, but cell-substrate attachments are key.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a model where cell surface molecule distribution, specifically integrins, influences cell shape during migration.
To explain the role of the endocytic cycle in supplying new attachments at the cell front.

Main Methods:

Conceptual modeling based on existing knowledge of cell biology and molecular dynamics.
Analysis of the proposed relationship between integrin cycling rate and cell morphology.

Main Results:

Integrin cycling rate dictates distribution on the ventral cell surface, influencing cell shape.

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Slow cycling correlates with a flattened fibroblast-like shape; rapid cycling leads to a snail-like shape.

The model explains membrane ruffling and the rearward movement of non-circulating molecules.

Conclusions:

Cell surface integrin dynamics, regulated by the endocytic cycle, are a critical determinant of cell shape.
This model provides a framework for understanding cell migration, morphology, and detachment mechanisms.