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The contribution of genes to osteoarthritis

Ana M Valdes1, Timothy D Spector

  • 1Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, Kings College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK. ana.valdes@kcl.ac.uk

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|August 9, 2008
PubMed

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Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...