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Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds: engineering soft tissues.

S G Kumbar¹, R James, S P Nukavarapu

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, VA 22908, USA.

Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)

|August 12, 2008

Summary

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Electrospinning fabricates tunable polymeric nanofibers for diverse applications. These nanofiber scaffolds mimic the natural extracellular matrix, showing promise for soft tissue regeneration in areas like skin and cardiac patches.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Polymer Science

Background:

Electrospinning is a scalable technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers.
These nanofiber matrices can be tailored for specific applications by controlling electrospinning parameters.
Polymeric nanofibers have diverse applications including filtration, personal care, and biomedical uses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the design of electrospun nanofiber matrices as scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration.
To highlight the morphological similarities between nanofiber scaffolds and the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).
To discuss modifications of nanofiber surfaces with bioactive molecules for enhanced cellular interaction.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of nanofiber matrices using electrospinning with pure polymers, blends, and composites.

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Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds of Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) for Engineering Neural Tissues From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Control over fiber diameter (nano/micro), alignment, and porosity.

Surface modification of nanofibers with bioactive molecules.

Main Results:

Electrospun nanofiber matrices exhibit ultrafine continuous fibers, high surface-to-volume ratio, and high porosity, mimicking the natural ECM.
Tunable physiochemical properties allow for diverse applications.
Modified nanofiber surfaces provide chemical cues to modulate cellular behavior.

Conclusions:

Electrospun nanofiber matrices are promising scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration.
Their structural and functional resemblance to the ECM supports their use in tissue engineering.
Further research focuses on optimizing nanofiber scaffolds for specific soft tissues like skin, blood vessels, and cardiac muscle.