Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Implications of Stroke Progressor Phenotypes defined based on ASPECTS decay and perfusion estimated infarct growth rate: insights from a large national thrombectomy registry.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Perhaps fewer, but faster: should we rethink the 90% stroke unit admission standard?

European stroke journal·2026
Same author

Time is brain: an expanded concept, not only for ischemic stroke A viewpoint of the Italian Association for Emergency Neurology (ANEU).

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Characterization of "Perfusion Scotoma" in Acute Ischemic Stroke Following Endovascular Treatment.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke: Prognostic Impact and CAN-REST Predictive Score.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Non-contrast CT findings suggestive of secondary intracerebral haemorrhage.

European stroke journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Renin-angiotensin system and stroke.

Simona Marcheselli1, Giuseppe Micieli

  • 1Neurologia I e Stroke Unit, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|October 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade offers significant cardiovascular and renal benefits beyond blood pressure reduction. RAS inhibitors demonstrate potent antiatherosclerotic effects, crucial for managing hypertensive target organ damage and reducing overall cardiovascular risk.

More Related Videos

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Renal Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is pivotal in regulating cardiovascular and renal functions.
  • Recent discoveries have unveiled new therapeutic strategies targeting the RAS.
  • RAS plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis and target organ damage in hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular and renal health.
  • To highlight the therapeutic benefits of RAS blocking agents beyond their antihypertensive effects.
  • To emphasize the importance of RAS blockade in reducing cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in understanding the renin-angiotensin system.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antiatherosclerotic effects of RAS inhibitors.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the clinical outcomes associated with RAS blockade.

Main Results:

  • RAS blocking agents exhibit potent antiatherosclerotic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and oxidative stress-lowering effects.
  • Inhibitors of the RAS are established first-line treatments for hypertensive target organ damage.
  • Angiotensin receptor blockers have shown efficacy in reducing atrial fibrillation, stroke, and cardiovascular/renal events in diabetic patients.

Conclusions:

  • Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is a cornerstone strategy for mitigating cardiovascular risk.
  • The therapeutic effects of RAS inhibitors extend beyond blood pressure control, impacting multiple pathways involved in cardiovascular and renal disease.
  • RAS blockade is essential for comprehensive management of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors.