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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Published on: November 17, 2014

Significant [C3a] increase in free flaps after prolonged ischemia.

Anne Brueggemann¹, Ariel Noltze, Thomas Lange

¹Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|August 13, 2008

Summary

Complement C3a is a sensitive marker for ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after free tissue transfer (FTT). Elevated C3a levels in flap tissue indicate prolonged IRI, aiding in early detection and understanding of IRI development.

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A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

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Published on: November 8, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Ischemic Tissue Injury in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber of the Mouse: A Skin Flap Model to Investigate Acute Persistent Ischemia

Published on: November 17, 2014

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

Published on: December 5, 2025

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Published on: November 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

Free tissue transfer (FTT) serves as a model for studying ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).
Detecting specific substances associated with IRI post-FTT is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify biomarkers indicative of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) following free tissue transfer.
To evaluate the role of specific biochemical and immunological substances in IRI development.

Main Methods:

Eighteen patients undergoing lower leg reconstruction with free myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flaps were monitored.
Microdialysis technique was employed to collect samples from flap and reference tissues during ischemia and reperfusion.
Analyzed substances included glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, interleukin-8 (IL-8), complement C3a (C3a), and RANTES.

Main Results:

All flaps healed primarily, but prolonged IRI was observed in 6 patients (Group B) compared to 12 (Group A).
No significant differences in biochemical markers were found between groups.
Complement C3a (C3a) showed higher concentrations in flap tissue versus control tissue, with a significant increase during early reperfusion in patients with prolonged IRI.

Conclusions:

Complement C3a (C3a) is a highly sensitive early indicator of ischemia-reperfusion damage.
These findings provide insights into the development of IRI in complicated free tissue transfers.