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Related Concept Videos

Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Mechanical Separation and Protein Solubilization of the Outer and Inner Perivitelline Sublayers from Hen's Eggs
06:12

Mechanical Separation and Protein Solubilization of the Outer and Inner Perivitelline Sublayers from Hen's Eggs

Published on: January 27, 2021

Avian eggshell structure and osteopontin.

Y-C Chien1, M T Hincke, M D McKee

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada.

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|August 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Avian eggshells contain calcite and matrix proteins. Osteopontin (OPN) is a key protein regulating eggshell formation by inhibiting calcification within specific structures.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Mechanical Separation and Protein Solubilization of the Outer and Inner Perivitelline Sublayers from Hen's Eggs
06:12

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Published on: January 27, 2021

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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Structural Biology
  • Avian Biology

Background:

  • Avian eggshells are primarily composed of calcite and matrix proteins.
  • Understanding the ultrastructural relationships between these components is crucial for eggshell integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review matrix-mineral relationships in avian eggshells at the ultrastructural level.
  • To describe the distribution of osteopontin (OPN) within the eggshell structure.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed.
  • Colloidal gold immunolabeling was used to detect OPN distribution.

Main Results:

  • A protein network with variable, region-specific organization was observed within the calcitic structure.
  • Layered sheets, filamentous threads, surface coatings, and isolated proteins were identified.
  • Most matrix structures, excluding vesicular ones, strongly immunolabeled for OPN.

Conclusions:

  • Osteopontin (OPN) is widely distributed in the avian eggshell matrix.
  • OPN's mineralization-inhibiting function likely regulates eggshell growth and compartmental calcification, influencing overall eggshell form.