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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Dialkyl dichalcogen cations.

Birgit Mueller1, Helmut Poleschner, Konrad Seppelt

  • 1Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

One electron oxidation of dialkyl diselenides and ditellurides using nitronium triflate yields radical cations. These cations dimerize in the solid state, forming unique rectangular units stabilized by pi*-pi interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Dialkyl diselenides and ditellurides are organochalcogen compounds with unique electronic properties.
  • Understanding their oxidation behavior is crucial for developing new materials and synthetic methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the one-electron oxidation of dialkyl diselenides and ditellurides.
  • To elucidate the structure of the resulting radical cations in both gas and solid phases.
  • To explore the bonding interactions responsible for structural motifs in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical oxidation using nitronium triflate (NO(+)CF(3)SO(3)(-)).
  • Ab initio quantum chemical calculations to determine radical cation structures.

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

  • X-ray crystallography to analyze solid-state structures.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful one-electron oxidation of dialkyl diselenides and ditellurides was achieved.
    • Ab initio calculations predicted a trans structure for the radical cations.
    • In the solid state, radical cations dimerized to form [R-Te](4)(2+) and [R-Se](4)(2+) rectangular units.

    Conclusions:

    • The oxidation process generates stable radical cations with a defined trans geometry.
    • Solid-state dimerization leads to novel rectangular supramolecular structures.
    • The observed long Se-Se and Te-Te bonds are attributed to pi*-pi* interactions, influencing solid-state assembly.