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Free Jet01:14

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Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:

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Li/Li2 supersonic nozzle beam.

C Y Wu1, J B Crooks, S C Yang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 1, 1978
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectroscopic analysis of a lithium supersonic nozzle beam reveals a Boltzmann distribution for ground state vibrational populations (195+/-30 K) and a rotational temperature of (70+/-20) K. Approximately 10% lithium dimers were detected, aligning with dimerization theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Chemical Physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Supersonic nozzle beams are crucial for creating cold, dense molecular samples.
  • Understanding the internal energy states of molecules in such beams is essential for various applications.
  • Lithium dimer (Li2) is a model system for studying alkali metal diatomic molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the internal energy distribution of lithium dimers in a supersonic nozzle beam.
  • To determine the vibrational and rotational temperatures of Li2.
  • To measure the mole fraction of Li2 dimers formed during expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic techniques were employed for characterization.
  • Band shape analysis was used to determine rotational temperature.
  • Quadrupole mass spectrometry measured the mole fraction of Li2.

Main Results:

  • The ground state vibrational population of Li2 followed a Boltzmann distribution with T(v) = (195+/-30) K.
  • The rotational temperature was determined to be T(r) = (70+/-20) K.
  • Approximately 10-mol.% Li2 dimers were observed downstream, consistent with theory.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized the thermodynamic properties of Li2 in a supersonic beam.
  • The results validate existing theories of dimerization in supersonic expansions.
  • This work provides valuable data for controlling molecular beam properties.