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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
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Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and characterization of various biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. MALDI is an ionization technique, widely employed in biological and medical research, as well as in fields like pharmacology and biochemistry.The analyte of interest, a biomolecule or a mixture of biomolecules, is mixed with a suitable matrix...
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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

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Published on: August 6, 2018

Ten-microsecond pulsed molecular beam source and a fast ionization detector.

W R Gentry1, C F Giese

  • 1Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 1, 1978
PubMed
Summary

A new pulsed gas valve creates intense supersonic molecular beams for molecular collision studies. This technique improves signal-to-background ratios compared to continuous beams, advancing experimental capabilities.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Published on: August 6, 2018

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10:37

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Published on: January 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Conventional continuous molecular beams present limitations in experiments sensitive to signal-to-background ratios.
  • Advancements in molecular beam sources are crucial for enhancing the study of molecular collisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel pulsed gas valve for generating supersonic molecular beams.
  • To assess the performance of the pulsed beam source using a newly developed ionization detector.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a pulsed gas valve for molecular beam generation.
  • Construction of an ionization detector with a 1-microsecond rise time for performance evaluation.
  • Generation of supersonic molecular beams using light (H2, He) and heavier gases.

Main Results:

  • The pulsed valve produces intense supersonic molecular beam pulses with approximately 10-microsecond duration for light gases.
  • Slightly longer pulse durations were observed for heavier gases.
  • The developed ionization detector demonstrated a rapid response time suitable for characterizing short pulses.

Conclusions:

  • The pulsed molecular beam technique offers significant advantages over continuous beams for molecular collision studies.
  • This new tool enhances experiments limited by signal-to-background ratios, particularly for scattered products.
  • The developed pulsed valve and detector system represent a valuable advancement for molecular dynamics research.