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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Voltammetry: Stripping Methods01:13

Voltammetry: Stripping Methods

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
ASV is used to determine metals and metalloids at trace levels. It involves two steps: deposition and stripping. First, a negative potential is applied to the...
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Charging Conductors By Induction01:15

Charging Conductors By Induction

The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations
10:30

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Published on: September 11, 2016

Alternative methods for determining the electrical conductivity of core samples.

R J Lytle1, A G Duba, J L Willows

  • 1Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 1, 1979
PubMed
Summary

New electrode configurations simplify electrical conductivity measurements in core samples without needing end access. This technique avoids core end machining, proving effective for granite samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate electrical conductivity measurement of core samples is crucial for subsurface characterization.
  • Traditional methods often require end-face access, necessitating sample machining and potentially altering sample integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel electrode configurations for electrical conductivity measurements of core samples.
  • To eliminate the requirement for core end-face access, thereby simplifying the measurement process and preserving sample integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and described electrode configurations designed for non-invasive electrical conductivity measurements.
  • Validated the measurement technique through comparison of mathematical models with experimental data.
  • Conducted measurements perpendicular and parallel to the core axis of granite samples.

Main Results:

  • The proposed electrode configurations enable electrical conductivity measurements without access to core sample ends.
  • The conductivity measurements demonstrated relative insensitivity to sample length using these configurations.
  • Experimental results validated the mathematical models used for the measurement technique.

Conclusions:

  • The novel electrode configurations offer a simplified and effective method for measuring the electrical conductivity of core samples.
  • This technique reduces sample preparation requirements and is suitable for materials like granite.
  • The findings support the use of these configurations in geophysical and materials science applications.