Masticatory dysfunction in persons with Down's syndrome. Part 1: aetiology and incidence

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Genetics
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Down's syndrome presents unique functional and anatomical challenges affecting oral health.
• Orofacial dysfunction in this population stems from poor neuromotor control, muscle weakness, dental anomalies, dysmorphology, and illness.
• Impaired feeding and swallowing are common issues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize orofacial difficulties across all life stages in individuals with Down's syndrome.
• To explain the underlying aetiology of these orofacial challenges.
• To propose indicators for identifying masticatory problems and discuss their health and social repercussions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Down's syndrome and orofacial function.
• Analysis of the aetiological factors contributing to orofacial dysfunction.
• Discussion of the implications of reduced masticatory efficiency.

Main Results:

• Down's syndrome is associated with significant orofacial dysfunction impacting oral health.
• Key factors include neuromotor deficits, muscle weakness, dental anomalies, and dysmorphology.
• Reduced masticatory efficiency has broad consequences for oral health, general well-being, and social integration.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the aetiology of orofacial difficulties is crucial for managing health in individuals with Down's syndrome.
• Early identification of masticatory problems is essential.
• Addressing these challenges can improve oral health, general health, and social participation.