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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer
08:55

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer

Published on: February 22, 2013

Catamenial pneumothorax.

D A Mikroulis1, V N Didilis, F Konstantinou

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece. dmikrou@med.duth.gr

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|August 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition linked to the menstrual cycle, often involves thoracic endometriosis. Surgical intervention, including diaphragm resection and pleurodesis, can effectively treat recurrent cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare form of spontaneous pneumothorax linked to the menstrual cycle.
  • Its exact cause is unknown but often associated with thoracic endometriosis and diaphragmatic defects.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 35-year-old woman experiencing three episodes of catamenial pneumothorax is presented.
  • Surgical exploration revealed thoracic endometriosis and diaphragmatic perforations.

Findings:

  • Surgical findings confirmed thoracic endometriosis and diaphragmatic fenestrations as the cause.
  • The patient underwent successful treatment involving diaphragm resection and pleurodesis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering thoracic endometriosis in recurrent pneumothorax.
  • Minimally invasive surgical techniques like videothoracoscopy offer effective treatment options for catamenial pneumothorax.