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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Bipolar Disorder01:30

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

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Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
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Published on: June 13, 2025

[Affective disorders and biological rhythms].

Y Le Strat1, N Ramoz, P Gorwood

  • 1Inserm U675, IFR02, faculté Xavier-Bichat, université Paris-VII, Paris, France.

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disruptions in circadian rhythms are linked to affective disorders like depression. Therapeutic interventions, including light therapy and novel medications, aim to resynchronize these biological rhythms for improved treatment outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings
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Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
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Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: June 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Psychiatry

Context:

  • Circadian rhythm disruptions are prevalent in affective disorders, notably unipolar and bipolar depression, and seasonal affective disorder.
  • Sleep-wake and hormone cycles are key examples of disrupted circadian rhythms in depression.
  • Depression can be viewed as a desynchronization between internal biological clocks and external environmental cues.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of circadian rhythm disruptions in affective disorders.
  • To review the impact of Clock gene variants on depression relapse and treatment.
  • To examine therapeutic interventions targeting biological rhythms for depression.

Summary:

  • Variants in Clock genes are associated with increased relapse risk, sleep disturbances, and poorer treatment response in depression.
  • Therapeutic strategies for depression often influence biological rhythms, including sleep deprivation and light therapy.
  • Emerging antidepressant medications specifically target the resynchronization of biological rhythms for depression treatment.

Impact:

  • Understanding circadian disruptions offers novel therapeutic targets for affective disorders.
  • Resynchronizing biological rhythms may enhance treatment efficacy for depression.
  • This research highlights the importance of chronobiology in psychiatric treatment strategies.