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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction01:00

Cellular Injury I: Introduction

Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...

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Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor
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Published on: February 1, 2018

Anoikis: a necessary death program for anchorage-dependent cells.

Paola Chiarugi1, Elisa Giannoni

  • 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy. paola.chiarugi@unifi.it

Biochemical Pharmacology
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell adhesion to the matrix is vital for survival, and its loss triggers anoikis (apoptosis). Understanding anoikis mechanisms is key to fighting cancer metastasis and other diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Cell-matrix adhesion is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Disruption of cell-matrix interactions can lead to anoikis, a form of programmed cell death.
  • Integrins play a role in sensing mechanical forces and signaling cell viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular mechanisms of anoikis.
  • To discuss how cell adhesion influences anoikis.
  • To address the relevance of anoikis in metastatic cancers and other diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent investigations.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing anoikis.
  • Discussion of cell adhesion's role in anoikis.

Main Results:

  • Anoikis is a critical process for development and tissue homeostasis.
  • Disruption of anoikis control contributes to cancer cell tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  • Integrins mediate mechanical signals that influence cell survival.

Conclusions:

  • Anoikis is a fundamental cellular process with implications in disease.
  • Understanding anoikis pathways can reveal new therapeutic targets for cancer.
  • Cell adhesion dynamics are central to anoikis regulation and cancer progression.