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Related Concept Videos

Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...
Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
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Related Experiment Video

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Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Nucleotide capacitance calculation for DNA sequencing.

Jun-Qiang Lu1, X-G Zhang

  • 1Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.

Biophysical Journal
|August 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The capacitance of DNA nucleotides like adenine and guanine varies with shape. This DNA capacitance data is crucial for GHz-frequency electric measurements and identifying DNA sequences.

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Area of Science:

  • * Computational physics and biophysics.
  • * Molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations.

Background:

  • * Understanding the electrical properties of DNA is essential for developing novel biosensing technologies.
  • * DNA sequencing methods often rely on detecting physical or chemical changes, but electrical properties remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To calculate the capacitance of individual DNA nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) using first-principles methods.
  • * To investigate how conformational distortions affect nucleotide capacitance.
  • * To assess the potential of DNA capacitance measurements for DNA sequencing applications.

Main Methods:

  • * Employed first-principles linear response theory for capacitance calculations.
  • * Analyzed the impact of conformational changes on the electronic structure and capacitance of DNA bases.

Main Results:

  • * Calculated distinct capacitance values for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
  • * Demonstrated that conformational distortions lead to variations in nucleotide capacitance.
  • * Found that while not sufficient alone, capacitance measurements offer valuable data for DNA identification.

Conclusions:

  • * Nucleotide capacitance is sequence-dependent and influenced by conformation.
  • * Incorporating DNA capacitance into GHz-frequency electrical measurements can enhance sequence identification.
  • * Capacitance measurements can serve as a complementary tool for DNA sequencing and characterization.