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Related Concept Videos

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
Velocity Potential01:20

Velocity Potential

In steady, incompressible flow through a long, straight pipe with a uniform cross-section, the flow in the central region (far from the pipe walls) is irrotational. This irrotational nature means that fluid particles do not rotate around their axes, and a scalar function called the velocity potential, represented by ϕ, can be used to describe their movement. In irrotational flows, the velocity field V is defined as the gradient of the velocity potential:
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Stream Function01:20

Stream Function

In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

Published on: August 18, 2018

Streaming potential generated by a long viscous drop in a capillary.

J D Sherwood1

  • 1Schlumberger Cambridge Research, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, U.K. sherwood@cambridge.oilfield.slb.com

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Streaming potential in capillaries is influenced by drop viscosity and surface conductivity. Higher drop viscosity reduces anomalous streaming potential, while capillary wall conductivity plays a key role in electrical conduction.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
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Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Electrochemistry
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Investigates streaming potential generated by a moving drop in a capillary.
  • Utilizes a model for electrophoresis of charged mercury drops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze streaming potential generated by a long drop's motion in a capillary.
  • To understand the influence of drop viscosity and capillary wall properties on streaming potential.

Main Methods:

  • Employs a theoretical model based on linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
  • Assumes thin Debye length compared to the gap between drop and capillary wall.
  • Considers non-zero surface conductivity of the capillary wall and no ion discharge at the drop surface.

Main Results:

  • Recirculation within the drop enhances streaming current and potential, especially when drop viscosity is low.
  • Streaming potential anomaly diminishes as drop viscosity increases.
  • Capillary wall conductivity significantly impacts electrical conduction in narrow gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Drop viscosity and capillary wall surface conductivity are critical factors in determining streaming potential.
  • The study provides insights into electrokinetic phenomena in confined geometries.