Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
Published on: August 27, 2021
Transmission power requirements for novel ZigBee implants in the gastrointestinal tract
Pietro Valdastri1, Arianna Menciassi, Paolo Dario
1Center for Research in Microengineering (CRIM) Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 33-56127 Pisa, Italy. pietro@sssup.it
Abstract:
In this paper, a novel multinode wireless monitoring platform, based on ZigBee communication standard, is presented and tested in vivo. The transmission power levels needed to establish a reliable connection from the different gastrointestinal districts are reported and compared with safety levels from international guidelines. These findings can be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial and standardized approach to implantable and miniaturized monitoring of physiological parameters.
Related Concept Videos
Bacterial Signaling
Transmission of Pathogens
Transduction
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

