Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026
Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 20, 2018
Staging and prognosis in head and neck cancer
Marc P van der Schroeff1, Robert J Baatenburg de Jong
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.vanderschroeff@erasmusmc.nl
Abstract:
Head and neck malignant tumors are classified according to the TNM staging system. The TNM system is a universally accepted, widely used, staging method. Its goals are to help clinicians and researchers to choose from treatment options, to give patients an estimate of their prognosis and to compare results of treatment. In this paper we discuss the history and daily usage of the TNM system and some pros and cons. In the field of prognostic estimations, particularly for the individual patient, the TNM system could be upgraded with other prognostic indicators. We discuss insights into enhanced usage of the TNM system and the possibilities of comprehensive and dynamic staging models.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
02:07Tumor Progression
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...