Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recovery of Verbal Working Memory Depends on Left Hemisphere White Matter Tracts.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

A shared serial order system for verbal working memory and language production: evidence from aphasia.

Cognitive neuropsychology·2025
Same author

The role of variation in phonological and semantic working memory capacities in sentence comprehension: neural evidence from healthy and brain-damaged individuals.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2024
Same author

Recovery of Verbal Working Memory Depends on Left Hemisphere White Matter Tracts.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Is working memory domain-general or domain-specific?

Trends in cognitive sciences·2024
Same author

The role of input vs. output phonological working memory in narrative production: Evidence from case series and case study approaches.

Cognitive neuropsychology·2024
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

A disorder of executive function and its role in language processing.

Randi C Martin1, Corinne M Allen

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. rmartin@rice.edu

Seminars in Speech and Language
|August 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Short-term memory (STM) research suggests separate phonological and semantic stores. Semantic STM deficits may stem from impaired inhibition, causing interference, while phonological deficits may result from rapid decay.

More Related Videos

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
08:17

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Short-term memory (STM) is crucial for language processing.
  • Evidence suggests distinct phonological and semantic memory stores.
  • Aphasia patients offer insights into memory-language interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on aphasic patients with impaired short-term memory.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying semantic and phonological STM deficits.
  • To investigate the role of executive control in verbal representation retention.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing research on aphasia and short-term memory.
  • Review of studies examining semantic and phonological STM deficits.
  • Hypothesizing underlying mechanisms based on patient evidence.

Main Results:

  • Semantic STM deficits may be linked to a failure in inhibition of verbal representations.
  • Phonological STM deficits might be caused by rapid information decay.
  • Inhibitory deficits in semantic STM can lead to excessive interference.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired inhibition in semantic STM contributes to interference and reduced capacity.
  • Interference from irrelevant verbal representations impacts language processing.
  • Understanding these deficits is key to comprehending memory-language system interdependence.