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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Allergy and the cardiovascular system.

M Triggiani1, V Patella, R I Staiano

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. triggian@unina.it

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|September 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, critically impacts the cardiovascular system. Understanding cardiac mast cell activation is key to preventing and treating fatal anaphylactic shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction with severe cardiovascular manifestations.
  • The heart is both a source and target of mediators during allergic reactions.
  • Cardiac mast cells are present in the human heart and can be activated by various stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cardiac mast cells in anaphylaxis.
  • To understand the mechanisms of cardiac mast cell activation and mediator release.
  • To explore the link between cardiac mast cells and risk factors for fatal anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac mast cells and anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of mediator release from activated human heart mast cells.
  • Examination of cardiac mast cell density in patients with heart disease.

Main Results:

  • Mediators from cardiac mast cells (histamine, leukotrienes, PAF) negatively affect ventricular function, rhythm, and coronary tone.
  • Cardiac mast cells release chymase and renin, activating the local angiotensin system and causing vasoconstriction.
  • Increased cardiac mast cell density is observed in patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies, correlating with fatal anaphylaxis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac mast cells play a significant role in the cardiovascular pathology of anaphylaxis.
  • Understanding cardiac mast cell activation pathways is crucial for developing improved treatments.
  • Targeting cardiac mast cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for systemic anaphylaxis.