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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies for future genomics research.

Pushpendra K Gupta¹

¹Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India. pkgupta36@gmail.com

Trends in Biotechnology

|August 30, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The genomics field is entering a new era with single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies. These advancements promise to revolutionize DNA resequencing and impact future genomics research.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Published on: August 22, 2013

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

The genomics revolution has led to the sequencing of numerous organisms.
New sequencing technologies are driving a second revolution in genomics research.
Second-generation sequencing platforms emerged in 2007.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies.
To discuss the potential impact of these technologies on genomics research.

Main Methods:

Review of single-molecule sequencing technologies.
Analysis of potential applications in DNA resequencing.

Main Results:

The first single-molecule DNA sequencer was launched in 2008.
This technology has already been used for viral genome resequencing.
Several new single-molecule sequencing platforms are anticipated.

Conclusions:

Single-molecule sequencing represents a significant technological advancement.
These technologies are poised to transform DNA resequencing and genomics.
Future research will be heavily influenced by these innovative sequencing methods.