Percutaneous bone marrow aspirate and bone graft harvesting techniques in the lower extremity

Autogenous bone marrow aspirate and cancellous bone graft represent a useful adjuvant to enhance soft tissue and osseous healing in high-risk patients. The authors present a review of the pertinent literature and step-by-step guidelines for performing reliable, simple, and reproducible percutaneous surgical techniques to harvest autogenous bone marrow aspirate and cancellous bone graft from the proximal medial tibial metaphysis and lateral calcaneus. In addition, these techniques are associated with low morbidity and financial cost.