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Magical Thinking01:29

Magical Thinking

Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

Dematerialization: Variety, caution, and persistence.

Jesse H Ausubel1, Paul E Waggoner

  • 1Program for the Human Environment, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, NY 10021, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Economic development can improve environmental quality through dematerialization, the reduction of resource use per unit of economic output. This trend is driven by lower spending on basic goods and increased production efficiency, leading to reduced environmental impact globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Economics
  • Sustainable Development
  • Resource Management

Background:

  • Economic development often leads to increased resource consumption and environmental degradation.
  • However, dematerialization, a decline in resource use per unit of economic output, offers a potential pathway to improved environmental quality.
  • Understanding the drivers of dematerialization is crucial for sustainable development strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of dematerialization and its relationship with economic development.
  • To identify the key factors contributing to declining resource intensity and environmental impact.
  • To analyze trends in dematerialization across various countries and resource types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global and country-specific data on resource consumption (e.g., energy, goods) and economic output (GDP) from 1980 to 2006.
  • Calculation of dematerialization indicators based on declining consumption per GDP.
  • Assessment of income elasticity of demand for staples to understand consumption patterns.
  • Examination of the impact of producer learning and efficiency improvements on resource intensity.

Main Results:

  • Dematerialization, characterized by declining consumption per GDP, was observed globally and in diverse countries (e.g., US, France, China, India, Brazil, Indonesia).
  • Key drivers identified include low income elasticity for staple goods and advancements in production efficiency due to learning.
  • Significant reductions in the intensity of environmental impact were noted for energy use, carbon emissions, food consumption, and fertilizer use.
  • Despite potential measurement challenges, substantial dematerialization and impact intensity decline persisted between 1980 and 2006.

Conclusions:

  • Economic development, coupled with specific consumption and production patterns, can lead to environmental improvements through dematerialization.
  • Policies promoting efficiency and addressing consumption of basic goods can enhance dematerialization.
  • The findings suggest that decoupling economic growth from environmental impact is achievable, offering a hopeful outlook for environmental quality.