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Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

First true initial ictal SPECT in partial epilepsy verified by electroencephalography.

Jesús Pastor¹, Luis Domínguez-Gadea, Rafael G Sola

¹Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario "La Princesa" Madrid, Spain. jpastor.hlpr@salud.madrid.org

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

|August 30, 2008

Summary

This study presents the first true initial ictal SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) for epilepsy surgery. The findings validate a kinetic model for estimating radiotracer uptake during seizures.

Keywords:

etomidate foramen ovale electrodes mathematical model temporal lobe epilepsy

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Nuclear Medicine
Epileptology

Background:

Accurate identification of the epileptogenic zone is crucial for successful epilepsy surgery.
Ictal SPECT is a presurgical evaluation tool, but often shows diffused activity rather than the true seizure onset.
Drug-resistant epilepsy necessitates precise localization of seizure origins.

Observation:

A patient with drug-resistant epilepsy underwent video-EEG (v-EEG) monitoring with foramen ovale electrodes.
A seizure was induced after intravenous etomidate infusion, followed by radiotracer administration.
This specific sequence allowed for the observation of a potentially true initial ictal SPECT.

Findings:

A kinetic model was implemented to estimate the fraction of hydrophilic radiotracer in the brain during pre-ictal and ictal periods.
The model indicated that the radiotracer fraction in the brain during the seizure was between 18.9% and 42.3% of the total infused.
This represents the first demonstration of a true initial ictal SPECT, corroborated by bioelectrical brain activity recordings.

Implications:

This technique could improve the accuracy of presurgical evaluation for epilepsy.
Precise localization of the epileptogenic zone may lead to better surgical outcomes.
The validated kinetic model provides a quantitative method to interpret ictal SPECT findings.