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Related Experiment Videos

In vitro cutaneous biotransformation of propranolol.

M Cormier1, P W Ledger, J P Marty

  • 1ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0802.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Human skin metabolizes propranolol primarily through side-chain oxidation, producing N-desisopropylpropranolol, propranolol glycol, and naphthoxylactic acid. Keratinocytes show the highest metabolic activity, influenced by enzyme systems like monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Propranolol is a widely used beta-blocker with known systemic metabolism.
  • Understanding skin metabolism is crucial for topical drug efficacy and safety.
  • Human skin possesses metabolic capabilities that can alter drug properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro metabolism of propranolol by human skin and its cellular components.
  • To identify the major metabolites of propranolol formed by skin.
  • To elucidate the enzymatic pathways involved in propranolol biotransformation in the skin.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro incubation of propranolol with human skin organ cultures and isolated skin cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes).
  • Analysis of metabolites using techniques to identify N-desisopropylpropranolol (DIP), propranolol glycol (GLY), and naphthoxylactic acid (NLA).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Enzyme inhibition studies using specific inhibitors for monoamine oxidase, cytochrome P450, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase.

    • Main Results:

    • Human skin and keratinocytes produced DIP, GLY, and NLA via side-chain oxidation.
    • Metabolite formation (GLY, NLA) was time- and concentration-dependent.
    • Keratinocytes exhibited higher metabolic activity than fibroblasts and melanocytes.
    • Monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isozymes were implicated in metabolite formation.
    • Keratinocyte differentiation increased overall biotransformation and the NLA/GLY ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • Human skin, particularly keratinocytes, actively metabolizes propranolol through side-chain oxidation.
    • Specific enzymes, including MAO and CYP450, play key roles in this process.
    • Skin metabolic activity can be modulated by factors like cell differentiation, impacting drug disposition.