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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNAs--micro in size but macro in function.

Sunit K Singh1, Manika Pal Bhadra, Hermann J Girschick

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunobiology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India. sunitsingh@ccmb.res.in

The FEBS Journal
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are implicated in various biological processes. This review explores miRNA biogenesis and their crucial roles in human health and diseases, including cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • They function by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • miRNAs play critical roles in diverse biological processes such as development, metabolism, and cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis.
  • To comprehensively review the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in maintaining human health.
  • To investigate the association between miRNA dysregulation and various human diseases, including malignancies and infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNA biogenesis pathways.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA functions in different organisms and cellular processes.
  • Synthesis of findings linking miRNAs to human health and disease states.

Main Results:

  • miRNA biogenesis involves complex processing steps from primary transcripts to mature miRNAs.
  • A single miRNA can target multiple mRNAs, and a single mRNA can be regulated by several miRNAs.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with numerous human diseases, including cancers and infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA biogenesis is key to comprehending their regulatory functions.
  • miRNAs are vital regulators of cellular processes and are implicated in human health.
  • miRNAs represent promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for various human diseases.