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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Clean intermittent catheterization in the school setting.

Elizabeth D Katrancha1

  • 1Forest Hills School District, Sidman, PA, USA.

The Journal of School Nursing : the Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) helps students with spina bifida (SB) manage incontinence, promoting independence and self-esteem. School nurses play a vital role in supporting students with SB through CIC programs.

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

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Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nursing
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Spina bifida (SB) is a congenital neural tube defect leading to diverse physical and mental disabilities.
  • Bowel and bladder incontinence are common challenges for students with SB, necessitating school nurse intervention.
  • Continence management is crucial for the well-being and social integration of students with SB.

Observation:

  • Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is an effective method for achieving urinary continence in students with SB.
  • School nurses provide essential support and education for CIC implementation in the school environment.
  • Collaboration among students, families, school nurses, and other personnel is key to successful continence management.

Findings:

  • CIC empowers students with SB by fostering self-esteem and enhancing independence.
  • Effective continence management programs improve students' quality of life and school participation.
  • Consistent reinforcement of CIC technique by the school nurse is critical for student success.

Implications:

  • Successful CIC programs in schools can significantly reduce the impact of incontinence on students with SB.
  • School nurses are integral to promoting independence and normalizing the lives of students with SB.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration ensures optimal renal function, urinary continence, and student independence.