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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

DNA-damage checkpoints: location, location, location.

Jamie L Wood1, Junjie Chen

  • 1Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The DNA-damage response (DDR) can be activated without DNA damage. Checkpoint proteins and chromatin changes signal DDR activation, offering new insights into cellular stress responses.

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Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The DNA-damage response (DDR) is a critical cellular pathway.
  • DDR orchestrates cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis.
  • Its activation is traditionally linked to the presence of DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel mechanisms of DDR activation.
  • To explore DDR activation in the absence of DNA damage.
  • To identify signaling intermediates involved in this non-canonical activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on DDR activation.
  • Analysis of checkpoint protein accumulation.
  • Assessment of global-chromatin structure changes.

Main Results:

  • Two recent studies demonstrate DDR activation without DNA damage.
  • Accumulation of checkpoint proteins is observed.
  • Alterations in global-chromatin structure are identified as key factors.

Conclusions:

  • DDR can be triggered by internal cellular states, not just external damage.
  • Checkpoint proteins and chromatin structure are crucial signaling intermediates for DDR.
  • These findings expand our understanding of cellular surveillance pathways.