Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Edema mechanisms in the patient with heart failure and treatment options
1Clinical Pharmacology and Hypertension, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298-0160, USA. dsica@mcvh-vcu.edu
Abstract:
Volume overload is a common accompanying feature of heart failure. The mechanistic basis for volume overload in heart failure is incompletely worked out. An important component of heart failure treatment remains diuretic therapy. Diuretic dosing remains as much an art as a science with multiple environmental and disease state-related factors influencing the efficiency with which a diuretic works. In heart failure, diuretics should always be given in the lowest possible dose with careful attention to reducing dietary sodium intake.
Related Concept Videos
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
