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Identification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Paraffin-Embedded Feline Arterial Thrombi using Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Malignant catarrhal fever: a review.

George C Russell1, James P Stewart, David M Haig

  • 1Moredun Research Institute, Scotland, UK. george.russell@moredun.ac.uk

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|September 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease in ungulates caused by gamma-herpesviruses. Research is advancing understanding of MCF pathogenesis and control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease caused by ruminant gamma-herpesviruses (alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and ovine herpesvirus 2).
  • MCF affects various ungulates, including cattle, deer, and bison, causing significant economic losses, particularly in Bali cattle, bison, and African pastoralist cattle herds.
  • The disease is characterized by lymphocyte accumulation and tissue necrosis, with pathogenesis and viral life cycles remaining poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogenesis of Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF).
  • To explore potential disease control strategies for MCF.
  • To advance understanding of gamma-herpesvirus infections in ungulates.

Main Methods:

  • Recent advancements include sequencing the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) genome.
  • Construction of an alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) facilitates pathogenesis studies.
  • Development of new diagnostic methods and testing of vaccine strategies.

Main Results:

  • MCF involves the accumulation of predominantly CD8(+) T lymphocytes in various organs, leading to tissue necrosis.
  • While initially thought to be low, a higher proportion of infected cells may be present, as indicated by virus gene-specific probes.
  • Tissue damage is hypothesized to result from MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic T/natural killer cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, recent genomic and technological advancements are improving the understanding of MCF.
  • New diagnostic tools and promising vaccine strategies offer hope for future disease control.
  • Continued research is crucial for unraveling the complexities of MCF and developing effective interventions.