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Related Concept Videos

Entropy01:18

Entropy

The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
Entropy02:39

Entropy

Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Quantifying Work02:30

Quantifying Work

As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Complementary expressions for the entropy-from-work theorem.

Michele Campisi1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-1427, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new formulation of the entropy-from-work theorem, differing from prior work by fixing initial energy instead of final energy. This provides a complementary perspective on thermodynamic principles.

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Differential Scanning Calorimetry — A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The entropy-from-work theorem relates entropy production to work done in thermodynamic processes.
  • Previous formulations, such as Talkner et al. (2008), fixed the final energy state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a complementary expression of the entropy-from-work theorem.
  • To explore thermodynamic relationships with a focus on initial energy conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of a new thermodynamic expression.
  • Comparison with existing formulations of the entropy-from-work theorem.

Main Results:

  • A novel expression for the entropy-from-work theorem is established.
  • This new expression is complementary to the original formulation by fixing initial energy.

Conclusions:

  • The presented formulation offers an alternative viewpoint on the entropy-from-work theorem.
  • This work expands the theoretical understanding of entropy and work in physical systems.