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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
10:10

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: July 15, 2016

Cohesin and human disease.

Jinglan Liu1, Ian D Krantz

  • 1Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. liujin@email.chop.edu

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Roberts-SC phocomelia are cohesinopathies caused by disruptions in cohesin complex function. These genetic disorders highlight cohesin

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder linked to cohesin complex dysfunction.
  • The cohesin complex, comprising over 25 proteins, is crucial for gene regulation and development.
  • Roberts-SC phocomelia is a recessively inherited disorder associated with mutations in ESCO2, a cohesin regulator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenotypes of cohesinopathies, including CdLS and Roberts-SC phocomelia.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of cohesin disruption in developmental disorders.
  • To elucidate the role of cohesin in long-range transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cohesinopathies.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations affecting cohesin function.

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
10:10

Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: July 15, 2016

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

Published on: December 6, 2017

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

  • Examination of cohesin's role in gene regulation and development.

    • Main Results:

    • Cohesinopathies result from impaired cohesin complex function.
    • Disruptions in cohesin affect multisystem development.
    • ESCO2 mutations cause Roberts-SC phocomelia, a distinct cohesinopathy.

    Conclusions:

    • Cohesinopathies represent a class of disorders stemming from cohesin dysfunction.
    • Understanding cohesin's role in transcription is key to deciphering developmental mechanisms.
    • Further research into cohesinopathies can reveal novel therapeutic targets.