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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
Published on: October 6, 2023
Thyroid hormone signaling in the hypothalamus.
Anneke Alkemade1, Theo J Visser, Eric Fliers
1Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. anneke.alkemade@amc.uva.nl
Thyroid hormone signaling is crucial for brain function. Genetic mutations and neuroanatomical studies reveal how disruptions in this pathway impact brain development and physiological responses.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Developmental Neuroscience
Background:
- Thyroid hormone signaling is vital for normal brain development and adult function.
- Disruptions can occur at various stages: secretion, conversion, or receptor binding.
- Understanding these disruptions is key to addressing neurological disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of thyroid hormone signaling in the brain.
- To explore the impact of genetic mutations on thyroid hormone signaling pathways.
- To elucidate the neuroanatomical underpinnings of altered thyroid hormone signaling.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of human genetic data and animal models with mutated thyroid hormone signaling genes.
- Review of neuroanatomical studies investigating affected pathways.
- Examination of knockout and transgenic mouse models.
Main Results:
- Mutated genes provide insights into the physiological consequences of disrupted thyroid hormone signaling.
- Neuroanatomical studies have clarified the involved neural pathways.
- Specific mutation characteristics in thyroid hormone receptors lead to distinct phenotypes in mouse models.
Conclusions:
- Proposed hypothalamic pathways mediate thyroid axis adaptation to various physiological states like fasting and illness.
- Thyroid hormone signaling plays a complex role in maintaining homeostasis.
- Further research in animal models highlights the nuanced effects of receptor mutations.
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