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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells
09:45

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells

Published on: February 9, 2012

Time-resolved fluorescence measurements.

J A Steinkamp1

  • 1Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.

Current Protocols in Cytometry
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details time-resolved fluorescence principles using flow cytometry. It highlights advantages like discriminating fluorochromes by lifetime for applications such as bound versus free molecule determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Time-resolved fluorescence offers advantages over traditional fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for single-cell analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of time-resolved fluorescence principles.
  • To demonstrate the integration of time-resolved fluorescence with flow cytometry.
  • To explore applications of fluorescence lifetime measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed theoretical and practical discussion of time-resolved fluorescence measurement.
  • Application of time-resolved fluorescence principles within a flow cytometry context.
  • Compilation of common fluorescent dyes with comparative lifetime and excitation data.

Main Results:

  • Discrimination between fluorochromes based on fluorescence lifetime, not just emission wavelength.
  • Effective determination of bound versus free molecules using fluorescence lifetime.
  • Practical guidance on implementing time-resolved fluorescence in flow cytometry.

Conclusions:

  • Time-resolved fluorescence coupled with flow cytometry provides enhanced analytical capabilities.
  • Fluorescence lifetime measurements offer unique advantages for molecular binding studies.
  • This approach expands the utility of flow cytometry for complex biological analyses.