Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026
Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
Published on: July 26, 2019
Live birth sex ratios are not influenced by blastocyst-stage embryo transfer
John M Csokmay1, Micah J Hill2, Frank V Cioppettini3
1National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Objective:
To analyze the sex ratio of infants born after blastocyst-stage transfer of embryos with normal preimplantation FISH genetic screening.
Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis.
Setting:
Large academic assisted reproductive technology center.
Patient(S):
Two hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing fresh IVF cycle with blastocyst transfer.
Intervention(S):
Preimplantation genetic screening for sex complement.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Sex ratio in liveborn infants following blastocyst transfer.
Result(S):
One thousand thirteen embryos were normal by preimplantation genetic screening of chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y. Four hundred ninety-eight normal embryos were transferred to 228 patients with an overall live birth rate of 41.7%. Transferred blastocysts were selected based upon morphologic assessment. When controlling for the sex of the blastocyst embryo, there was no difference in the male-to-female delivery rate per embryo transferred (27.3% vs. 21.4%) (relative risk =1.28, confidence interval 0.93-1.74). Of the live births 51.7% were male and 48.3% were female (P=.61). Subanalysis revealed no difference in male-to-female delivery rates in groups with a 1:1 ratio of male:female embryos transferred, a non 1:1 ratio transferred, or single-sex transfers.
Conclusion(S):
Blastocyst-stage embryo transfer does not influence the live birth sex ratio of embryos with normal preimplantation FISH genetic screening.
Related Concept Videos
01:33Cleavage and Blastulation
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
01:24In Vitro Fertilization
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...